WIP
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The aria specification does not specify an native mapping or aria role to the meter element.

I would propose to use the role slider with aria-readonly="true" as fallback. As the both supposed to show a range that is not changeable by the user.

Advised markup

Emmet

meter[role="slider"][aria-valuemin="0"][aria-valuemax="1"][aria-readonly="true"][aria-valuenow][value]

HTML

<meter role='slider' aria-readonly="true" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="1" value="0.3" aria-valuenow="0.3">
</meter>

Screen reader results

Basic

<meter value='0.5'></meter>
Screen reader ChromeVox 53 NVDA 2017.4 Narrator 10
Browser Chrome 62 Chrome 63 Firefox 57 Edge 16 Chrome 63 Edge 16
Spoken output progress bar, .5blankprogress bar 500% progress bar50% meter
Skipped falsefalsefalsefalsetruefalse

Extended with ARIA

<meter value='.4'
  role='slider' aria-readonly='true' aria-valuemin='0' aria-valuemax='1' aria-valuenow='0.4'
></meter>
Screen reader NVDA 2017.4 Narrator 10
Browser Edge 16 Chrome 63 Edge 16
Spoken output slider 40slider at 0.400000005960465meter at Good
Skipped falsetruefalse

Extended with ARIA including aria-valuetext

<meter value='.4' role='slider' aria-readonly='true' aria-roledescription="score" aria-label="level"
  aria-valuemin='0' aria-valuemax='1' aria-valuenow='0.4' aria-valuetext='40%'
></meter>
Screen reader NVDA 2017.4 Narrator 10
Browser Edge 16 Chrome 63 Edge 16
Spoken output slider 40slider at 40%meter at 40%
Skipped falsetruefalse

within low range

<meter low='0.4' value='0.2' min='0' max='1'></meter>
Screen reader NVDA 2017.4 Narrator 10
Browser Edge 16 Edge 16
Spoken output progress bar 2020% meter
Skipped falsefalse

within low range extended with aria

<meter value='.4' role='slider' aria-readonly='true'
  aria-valuemin='0' aria-valuemax='1' aria-valuenow='0.4' aria-valuetext='low'
></meter>
Screen reader NVDA 2017.4 Narrator 10
Browser Edge 16 Edge 16
Spoken output slider 40meter at low
Skipped falsefalse

Browser support

Can I Use meter? Data on support for the meter feature across the major browsers from caniuse.com.

Specifications